![]() In chicken, these comparisons could also be conducted among different breeds. For this, we took linear measurements of these bones and compared their proportions in the wild vs. In this work we studied the effects of domestication and breed formation in limb proportions and sternum characteristics in chicken ( Gallus gallus ), mallard ducks ( Anas plathyrhynchos ) and Muscovy ducks ( Cairina moschata ).įirst, we quantified the proportional length of three long bones of the forelimb (humerus, radius, and carpometacarpus) and the hind limb (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) in domestic chickens, mallard ducks, and Muscovy ducks and their wild counterparts. In birds, limb proportions and sternum characteristics are of great importance and have been studied in the past for their relation with flight, terrestrial locomotion and animal welfare. The MusMorph data and scripts are available on FaceBase (, 10.25550/3-HXMC ) and GitHub ( ).ĭomestication, including selective breeding, can lead to morphological changes of biomechanical relevance. Our workflow is open-source to encourage transparency and reproducible data collection. Alongside stage-specific atlases, we provide aligned micro-computed tomography images, dense anatomical landmarks, and segmentations (if available) for each specimen ( N = 10,056). To standardize data collection, we implemented an atlas-based phenotyping pipeline that combines techniques from image registration, deep learning, and morphometrics. To enable meta-analyses of morphological variation, particularly in the craniofacial complex and brain, we created MusMorph, a database of standardized mouse morphology data spanning numerous genotypes and developmental stages, including E10.5, E11.5, E14.5, E15.5, E18.5, and adulthood. Unfortunately, phenotypic data are often obtained using laboratory-specific protocols, resulting in self-contained datasets that are difficult to relate to one another for larger scale analyses. Mouse models are a key resource for disentangling such effects, because they offer myriad tools for manipulating the genome in a controlled environment. Complex morphological traits are the product of many genes with transient or lasting developmental effects that interact in anatomical context.
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